PCNA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The percentage of PCNA + islet cells was higher in T2DM (52.9 ± 4.2%) compared to normal pancreata (43.2 ± 2.3%; p < 0.01; Figure 1C); however, cells within pancreatic islets in T2DM patients also showed an increase of γH2A.x (27.5 ± 3.5%) and cCasp3+ (52.6 ± 2.3%) expression compared to normal pancreatic islets (19.6 ± 4.9% and 34.4 ± 5.4%, respectively; p < 0.05 and p < 0.001; Figure 1D).