Therefore, the aims of the present study were: 1) to evaluate pancreatic islet injury and phenotype in T2DM patients and in an experimental model of diabetes; 2) to describe the modifications of the PDG compartment in type 2 diabetic patients and in an experimental model of diabetes; 3) to test the possible effects of recombinant PDX1 administration on pancreatic islets and PDG in an experimental model of diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene PDX1 and diabetes mellitus.