In order to specifically assess the importance of GP63 on the immune modulation of the cutaneous leishmaniasis, a set of transgenic parasites of the species L. amazonensis (LV78, MPRO/BR/72/M1845) had their endogenous GP63 levels up-or down-regulated by episomal expression of sense and antisense GP63 RNA was chosen for this study (Chen et al., 2000). Here, LMLN is linked to cutaneous leishmaniasis.