MTOR and carcinoma: Specifically, when mutations and copy number changes were combined, MEN1 alterations were almost exclusive to carcinoids, whereas alterations of the TP53 and RB1 cell cycle regulation genes and Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase (PI3K)/AKT/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Kinase (mTOR) pathway genes were significantly enriched in carcinomas (25).