As shown in Fig. 2, the mRNA expression of the key nodes (TIRAP, IRAK1, TRAF6, NF-κB, MAPK1 and AP-1) in the TLR4/MyD88-dependent pathway were not altered by a CRS diet even though the expression of MyD88 was significantly up-regulated (P = 0.019) in the colon. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and congenital rubella syndrome.