Furthermore, TOB1-induced autophagy might inhibit the growth of AGS cells (functioning as protective autophagy that antagonizes gastric cancer) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR; these findings are consistent with our previous data showing the antiproliferative activity of TOB1 in AGS cells (Guan et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene JAG1 and gastric cancer.