INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and insulin-independent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the main types of diabetes, among which T1DM results from the specific deficiency of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells from autoimmune destruction [8] and T2DM is an age-related disease characterized by the dysfunction of glucose metabolism representing insulin-resistant states that is accompanied by a destruction of β cells [9].