AFP and neoplasm: To test whether the traditional tumour markers could be used for the prediction of risk of GC in EGC and PLGC, we examined the levels of CEA, AFP, and CA19-9 in plasma of patients with EGC (including 129 patients) and PLGC (including 10 patients with gastricism and 101 patients with LGD or HGD) (Tables S4).