In particular, PD-L1 expression and TMB have been recognized as the valuable predictive factors for NSCLC patients with ICIs: a recent meta-analysis demonstrated that NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression did benefit the most from a single-agent ICI treatment in the first-line setting (Passiglia et al., 2021), and another meta-analysis resulted in a proven benefit in overall survival (OS) in favor of ICIs in the TMB-high NSCLC population (Galvano et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.