In the 3 tissues of patients with IPF, the significant GO terms and KEGG pathways were mainly enriched in neutrophil activation, immune receptor activity, regulation of inflammatory response, RAGE receptor binding, IL-17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway (Supplementary Figures 5–7). Here, IL17A is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.