The upregulated DEGs in FFPE samples of CPA included genes reported to be upregulated in CPA, such as FATE1 (fetal and adult testis expressed 1), PITX1 (encoding paired like homeodomain 1) and CXCL2 (encoding C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2) (7, 32). This evidence concerns the gene FATE1 and congenital primary aphakia.