Additionally, butyrate ameliorated atherosclerosis by downregulating genes involved in lipid metabolism including acyl-CoA thioesterase1 (Acot1), Acot2, Perilipin2 (Plin2), Plin5, Cytochrome4a (10,14 and 31 isoforms) (Du et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene ACOT1 and atherosclerosis.