To counteract the negative impact of neutropenia, short and long acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs) are used to enhance the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of neutrophils (Knudsen et al., 2011), thereby reducing the duration and severity of neutropenia, as well as the incidence of FN and infection-related mortality (Kuderer et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and neutropenia.