NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: Similar to AD, human PD patients have elevated NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 localized exclusively within Iba1+ microglia in the substantia nigra or detectable as extracellular ASC and systemically circulating NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β (Gordon et al., 2018; Chatterjee et al., 2020).