One recent study revealed that Gd@C82 nanoparticles modified with β-alanines (GF-Ala) remodel the immunosuppressive TME by reprogramming the tumor-supportive M2 phenotype to antitumor M1 macrophages by activating the NF-κB and IRF5 pathways (Fig. 13), which trigger an antitumor response by inducing the infiltration of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and inhibiting tumor growth [172]. This evidence concerns the gene IRF5 and neoplasm.