MAPK4 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: 2021). Baicalin has various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects (Ming et al. 2018). Baicalin can exert protective effects against AP by increasing miR-15a level and inhibiting CDC42 (cell division cycle 42)/MAP3K1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1), which can affect AP as a brake by targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4) and inhibiting the JNK signalling pathway (Zhen et al. 2021). It can also suppress the inflammatory response by downregulating NF-κB and protein kinase D1 (PKD1) expression (Qian et al. 2018).