MPO and alkaline phosphatase measurement: 2016; Chen L et al. 2019). In addition, ligustrazine alleviated AP by accelerating acinar cell apoptosis at an early phase via suppression of the p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. Moreover, ligustrazine downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and the activities of amylase and MPO (Chen et al. 2016).