INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a distinct gut microbiome and disturbed diversity compared with healthy controls, shown to be able to affect and modulate lipogenesis, fat storage and metabolism15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 While dietary interventions are supposed to affect microbiome composition, research data on the effects of intermittent fasting on the microbiome in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin therapy is scarce and required.21, 22