TARDBP and Alzheimer disease: In AD, neurofibrillary tangles and TDP-43-positive inclusions can co-exist or co-localize within a subset of neurons (Kadokura et al., 2009; Higashi et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2018), with ∼25% of phosphorylated TDP-43 immunopositive neurons also exhibiting pathological tau (PHF-1) immunoreactivity (Smith et al., 2018).