In order to evaluate the effect of MKL1 deletion in resident fibroblasts on renal fibrosis, the procedure of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed (Figure 3A); significant renal fibrosis can be detected within a week following the surgery (Klahr and Morrissey, 2002; Chevalier et al., 2009). The gene discussed is MRTFA; the disease is renal fibrosis.