It is recently reported that TNF-α decreases the amount and activity of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex containing complex I and complex IV more potently in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells compared to ER-positive MCF-7 cells, suggesting that TNF-α regulates the growth of relatively aggressive breast cancer cells by modulating formation and function of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes (Shinde et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to breast cancer.