Taking together with our previous report, in which estrogen-responsive COX7RP stimulates mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex assembly and has a critical role on estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cells (Ikeda et al., 2019), estrogen and TNF-α can coordinately regulate metabolic adaptation of breast cancer cells in a cell-context- and a microenvironment-dependent manner. Here, TNF is linked to breast cancer.