HFrEF : 1) LVEF ≤45% and had to be performed in ≤3 months of screening 2) LVEF≤45% and >3 months after stable β-blocker therapy or device implantation 3) BNP >100 pg/mL or NT-proBNP >400 pg/mL 4) NYHA class II–III Iron deficiency anemia : 1) serum ferritin = 0 - 300 ng/mL 2) TSAT <20%. Here, NPPB is linked to Iron deficiency anemia.