Figure 4 shows that there was a significant increase in the number of microphages in the livers of rats treated with DEN-2-AAF compared with the control group. This increase in the number of microphages decreased significantly in the rats treated with safranal at low/high doses (Figure 4A–C). Once again, safranal alone had no effect on the expression of ED1 and ED2 compared with control. There was a significant increase in serum TNF-α concentration and number of p-TNF-R1–positive cells in the livers of HCC group compared with the results of the control group (Figure 4D,E). Here, TNF is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.