NFKB1 and cancer: This cross-talk between chronic inflammation and cancer includes activation of immune cells such as macrophages, Kupffer cells, and neutrophils, and the production of pre-inflammatory mediators including COX-2 and iNOS, and of transcription factors, like the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) (Reuter et al., 2010; Atretkhany et al., 2016; Taniguchi and Karin, 2018).