In order to confirm our findings that IL-36R is expressed by colonic T cells in IBD, we also examined a separate patient cohort by analysing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data on colonic biopsies from 12 healthy individuals and 18 UC patients as previously reported.26 This analysis revealed that the number of IL-36R expressing cells is increased in distinct T cell subsets present in the inflamed UC colon, including Tregs, CD4+ activated Fos high cells and CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), with increased levels of IL36R gene expression also evident in CD8+ IELs (Fig. 1g). Here, CD4 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.