When we spatially correlated our T cell clusters to GBM subtypes using a seeded non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) regression31 and Moran statistics, tumor regions enriched for mesenchymal-like (MES-like), and astrocytic-like (AC-like) transcriptional signatures were co-localized with activated CD8+ effector, CD8+ T exhausted clusters, and CD4 Th17-like, Fig. 4c, d. Here, CD4 is linked to glioblastoma.