CCL2 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: To verify the therapeutic potential of CCL2-CCR4 signaling in a solid tumor, in this study, we used Mogamulizumab, a humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody, a promising agent for CCR4-positive T-cell lymphomas [36], to treat subcutaneously implanted HNSCC tumor in nude mice.