Moreover, we found that activation of Vav2 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CCL2 was partly reversed by two PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitors, Wortmannin (2 μM, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ) and LY294002 (50 μM, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ) but did not affect by the Src inhibitor PP2 (1 μM, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ) in HNSCC cells (Fig. 4D, E and Supplementary Fig. 7). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.