In CNS, local apoptotic-like processes have been reported to be related with C1q label-based synaptic pruning.36 Other numerous mechanisms have also been indicated, including HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1),37 small GTPase-regulating proteins,18 and altered neuronal action potential.38 No significant changes were found in either C3 cleavage products or C5b-9 in 6-week-old lupus mice (Supplementary Fig. 3f, Supplementary Fig. 8a). The gene discussed is C3; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.