This selection of biomarkers was informed by previous investigations in humans showing prognostic potential when measured close to the point of injury/debility, as for heat stroke (S100B) [15], traumatic and septic encephalopathy (NSE) [16, 17] and clinically significant AKI of various aetiologies (sCr, NGAL, KIM-1) [18, 19]; as well as by studies showing associations with inflammatory responses specific to acute exercise-heat stress (NGAL) [20] and sub-clinical AKI (copeptin) [21, 22]. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and Heat Stroke.