Several of the predicted upstream regulators were also members of the module, suggesting these genes may be particularly important regulators of the blood-brain “cell-cell signaling” module in CIE-induced alcohol dependence (in decreasing order of significance): Bdnf, Mapt, App, Tshz3, Slc30a3, Shank3, Nfasc, Kcnk9, Slitrk5, Fezf2, Gabra1, Ntrk3, Fbxo2, Mapk8ip1, Lhx2, Dmd, Slc9a6, Agrn, Gabbr2, Htr2a, Akap5, Dpp10, Bhlhe22, Kcnd3, Scn1b, Nptx1, Dlg3, Baiap2, Pdyn, Cacnb4, Elavl4, Grm3, Kif1b, Dab1, Dnm1. The gene discussed is GABRA1; the disease is alcohol dependence.