DMD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: We demonstrated that DMD was mainly expressed in ciliated cells, AT cells, and alveolar macrophages (AMs) in HC while mostly expressed in ciliated cells, AT cells, and club cells in IPF lung tissue and that DMD expression was upregulated in AT (1.5-fold) and club cells (2.7-fold) in IPF lung tissue (Figure 5E).