CTLA4 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma: ICB therapies, including programmed cell death-1, its ligand, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4, have been approved for the treatment of multiple carcinoma types, such as advanced melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non–small cell lung cancer, and BLCA (Reck et al., 2016; Motzer et al., 2018; Jenkins and Fisher, 2021).