CD274 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia: Notably, upregulation of the NK cell’s programmed cell death protein-1 receptor (PD-1) and tumor cell’s PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7-H1) have been associated with HPV+ cervical cancer cases, with higher PD-1 and PD-L1 correlating with heightened cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade (5–7).