CD8A and tuberculosis: It has been reported that VPM1002 (BCG ΔureC:hly) expresses the Listeria monocytogenes protein listeriolysin O, a protein that causes lysis of the phagosome and thereby cytosolic release of BCG for stimulation of CD8 T-cell responses and is currently tested in phase III trials to study efficacy in prevention of TB recurrence in adults (NCT03152903) and for prevention of Mtb infection in infants (NCT04351685) (36).