TNF and Sepsis: Our previous studies indicated that lack of Gpr174 significantly decreased the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic mice (18), which suggested that GPR174 might be considered as a potential biomarker for the patients with sepsis.