Some further investigation in rat models and patients of SLE have revealed the mechanism that TGP inhibited autoimmunity possibly by downregulating ERα expression (Li and Jiang, 2019), inhibiting the IRAK1-NF-κB pathway (Ji et al., 2018), and enhancing DNA methylation of ITGAL promoter in CD4 (+) T cells (Zhao et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.