CASP3 and colitis: In 2021, a study by Li et al. revealed that 6,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-Dimethoxyphenanthrene (CYP4, 60–240 mg/kg) from Chinese Yam [Dioscoreaceae: Dioscorea oppositifolia L.] could protect intestinal mucosa from apoptosis in DSS-induced colitis mice by suppressing NF-κB and caspase-3 expressions (Li et al., 2021).