PRL and hyperprolactinemia: To date, there is no evidence on whether hyperprolactinemia is caused by deficient metabolic depuration or the central dysregulation of PRL secretion (Carrero et al., 2012; Gungor et al., 2013), but deleterious effects of hyperprolactinemia are known to include endocrine, metabolic, and immune effects (Borba et al., 2018).