In addition, snoring, a symptom of sleep-related breathing disorder, has a notable adverse effect on the regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) via pathways of hypoxemia, oxidative stress, and activated sympathetic activities, which cause endothelial dysfunction and induce renal damage (Li et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2019). Here, REN is linked to sleep apnea syndrome.