As discussed, Margalef and co-workers reported full-length IKKα undergoes cathepsin-dependent processing to produce a truncated isoform (p45-IKKα) in cytoplasmic vesicles, and that this truncated isoform of IKKα is implicated in CRC tumorigenesis in vivo [8, 37]. This evidence concerns the gene CHUK and colorectal carcinoma.