For the KRAS gene, several missense mutations were successfully identified in 34 individuals [24 individuals with either low- or high-grade adenoma and 10 with in situ carcinoma, (Fig. 1C)] at codon 12: c.34G > C/A/T, c.35G > A/T/C, codon 13: c.38G > A/C/T, codon 61: c. Here, KRAS is linked to in situ carcinoma.