DDX41 and infection: Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that the patterns of induced V1V2-specific Abs differ significantly between SHIV infection and immunization in NHPs, that immunization can induce more potent binding responses to this region of Env than infection, and that effective induction of functional V2p and V2i Abs benefits from targeting the V1V2 domain with V1V2-scaffold proteins.