The dyslipidemia (TG, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and LDL/HDL ratio) and liver function (AST and ALT) indices in the current HFD-induced obesity model revealed significant differences among the groups (F(3,20) = 16.4, p < 0.0001; F(3,20) = 140.1, p < 0.0001; F(3,20) = 171.6, p < 0.0001; F(3,20) = 55.9, p < 0.0001; F(3,20) = 86.4, p < 0.0001; F(3,20) = 79.1, p < 0.0001; and F(3,20) = 18.6, p < 0.0001, respectively; Fig. 2). Here, GPT is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.