TNF and myocardial infarction: Whereas, PMSCs-Exos treatment attenuated the myocardial in situ inflammation by decreasing IL-1β (P = 0.009), IL-6 (P = 0.0181), TNF-α (P = 0.0126) and MCP-1 (P = 0.0415) in MI (Fig. 5e–h).