MAPT and Cognitive impairment: For example, paired‐helical filament tau (PHF‐tau) as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is observed in the hippocampus of T1DM and T2DM mice (Kim et al., 2009); microglia activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokines elevation are found in the hippocampus of diabetic patients (Gaspar et al., 2016); activation of NF‐κB signaling that is for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly leading to inflammatory cascade and cognitive impairment is identified in T2DM mice (Biessels et al., 2006).