INS and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Specifically, the OR of ALS per 1 SD increase in 2 h glucose, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, fasting proinsulin, and HbA1C were estimated to be 0.97 [95% CI 0.78–1.21; p = 0.785], 1.15 [95% CI 0.95–1.39; p = 0.162], 0.83 [95% CI 0.43–1.61; p = 0.577], 0.96 [95% CI 0.77–1.21; p = 0.178], and 1.13 [95% CI 0.88–1.45; p = 0.337] (Fig. 3).