Several critical molecules associated with sepsis diagnosis or therapeutics, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and glucocorticoids, were reported to regulate IRAK3 expression in in vivo or in vitro models [32, 64, 98–100]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Sepsis.