TNF and infection: Perturbation to this system, including infections, or upon genetic aberrations — which lead to the inhibition, down-regulation, or chronic activation of members of the TNF signalling complex — result in a balance shift from the formation of complex I (pro-survival) to complex II (apoptosis-inducing) with the increased binding and activation of caspase-8/caspase-10 (in human) [3,13,14].