Ganglionic area of LPAR1 staining in the CIPO myenteric plexus was approximately 20% lower in the ileum (n = 4, P < 0.0001; Figure 7E) and approximately 11% lower in the colon (n = 6, P < 0.01; Figure 7F). Here, LPAR1 is linked to chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction.