ITPR1 and hydrops fetalis: To evaluate the role of the VSMC inositol IP3R1 in HF, we obtained aortic tissues from patients with HF and their age-matched controls from the Columbia University Biobank (see Supplemental Table 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI152859DS1) and assessed the biochemical remodeling of IP3R1 channels in these tissues.