An increased NO production upon GBS infection/stimulation was shown to mediate disruption of blood-brain barrier and lung inflammation.43 After neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury, peripheral monocytes infiltrate the brain and contribute to brain injury.44 Monocytes also influence the onset of BPD.45 Thus, the increased iNOS expression in neonatal monocytes may contribute to the development of PVL and BPD and needs further investigations. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.