These APCs inhibit T-cell activation by expressing PD-L1 and by establishing interactions with PD-1 on T cells, and concurrently, they can secrete a substantial number of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10, which indirectly promote PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and APCs41–43. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.