The hyperactivity of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR cascade, mediated by the phosphorylation of INSR via insulin binding to the neuronal surface, leads to the inhibition of autophagy processes and subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria and misfolded proteins seen in AD [19]. Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.